Research+Paper+Bibliography



QUOTATION GUIDELINES 1. All quotations must be cited using either parenthetical citations or footnotes. 2. For parenthetical citations, use quotation marks before and after the quote with punctuation such as periods coming before the end quotation mark. Following the end quotation mark, you place a parenthesis ( with the last name of the author, a comma, the page number, and an end parenthesis ). Follow the example below: 3. For footnotes with quotations 3 lines or less, use quotation marks before and after the quote with punctuation such as periods coming before the end quotation mark. Following the end quotation mark, you place a number corresponding to the footnote. All quotes will be numbered with a corresponding footnote. When using Microsoft Word go to insert and/or references to insert a footnote. Follow the example below: 4. For quotations over 3 lines, you must indent the quote and use single space for the entire quote. **This is known as block format and does not require quotation marks!** At the end of the quote you place the number corresponding to the footnote or the parenthesis with the author’s last name and page number end parenthesis when using parenthetical citations. You must double space before and after the block quotation. Follow the example below: 5. If the quotation you are using contains a quote in it, use single quotation marks around that quote and double quotation marks around the entire quote you are using. If the quote is long enough to require block format, then use double quotation marks around the quote within your quote. Follow the example below: 6. When using footnotes, if you are using quotes from the same source and you have already identified that source in an earlier quote you can put the author’s last name, a comma, and the page number followed by a period in the footnote. See example above. If it is the same source and the same page number, you can use the word “Ibid” followed by a period. See example below. 7. You must transition into all quotations. In the examples above, **“As Ms. Stone said in class the other day,”** is a transition. Also you must explain all your quotations. **Why are you using this quote?** Don’t let the reader just guess. Explain what your quote means and how it relates to your thesis. If your quote does not relate to the thesis, you should not use that quote. 8. All quotations and resources used must be cited in the bibliography as well. See Footnote and Bibliography Guidelines for more information on bibliographic format. 9. Visual documentation must also be footnoted. You must transition into the visual documentation and explain its relevance to your thesis as well.
 * As Ms. Stone said in class the other day, “I made up this quote to show you the proper way to use parenthetical citations.” (Stone, p. 22) **
 * As Ms. Stone said in class the other day, “I made up this quote to show you the proper way to use footnotes.” **[1]** **
 * I made up this quote to show you the proper way to use the block **
 * quotation format. You should use this format when the quotation **
 * is longer than three lines. Notice there are no quotation marks at **
 * either end of the quote and that the quote is indented. The author’s **
 * last name and page number should follow the punctuation after the **
 * last word of the quote when using parenthetical citations. When **
 * using footnotes, the number of the footnote should follow the **
 * punctuation after the last word in the quote. **[2]** **
 * As Ms. Stone said in class the other day, “Using quotations correctly is very important. You do not use them just in your English class. Mr. Byrd told me that he expects ‘quotations to be included in every history paper.’ So you better learn how to use quotations correctly.” **[3]** **

[1] Stone, Jill, __Classroom Quotations__, Phillips High School, Chicago, 2007, p. 22. [2] Stone, p. 23. [3] Ibid.

.